![]() ![]() ![]() The snake's venom is not lethal to humans but can cause painful swelling and discoloration of the skin. In a 2006 study published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, scientists found that the muscles of mice were not as susceptible to the mangrove snake's immobilizing venom as the muscles of birds. The mangrove snake's toxin, called denmotoxin, is especially useful when hunting their primary prey, birds. The fangs are angled backward to assist in biting and holding onto prey, though sometimes the prey needs to be chewed for the venom to be properly injected. This is a common adaptation of rear-fanged snakes. The Duvernoy's gland is located on the posterior end of the eye with a duct that connects to the rear fangs, which are enlarged and have grooves into which the venom flows. Like other members of the Colubrid family, it has a Duvernoy's gland, which is distinct from the venom gland and composed of cells that produce saliva. The mangrove snake is mildly venomous with rear fangs. The eye structure allows it to see better at night when it is active and on the hunt. The small head is barely distinct from the neck and has a red. However, the red and yellow rings do not touch. This is a thin-bodied snake with alternating red, black, and yellow rings that encircle the body. The mangrove snake's eyes are large with narrow, vertical slits, earning it another common name-the yellow-ringed cat snake. Most adult Scarlet Kingsnakes are about 14-20 inches (36-51 cm) in total length. The yellow bands do not generally join over the back or under the belly. This slender snake is primarily black with yellow scales around its face and bands around its body. ![]()
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